{"id":150,"date":"2007-12-27T08:00:05","date_gmt":"2007-12-27T12:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.theness.com\/neurologicablog\/?p=150"},"modified":"2007-12-30T15:32:27","modified_gmt":"2007-12-30T19:32:27","slug":"debate-with-hallow-earth-proponent-neal-adams-part-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theness.com\/neurologicablog\/debate-with-hallow-earth-proponent-neal-adams-part-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Debate With Hollow-Earth Proponent &#8211; Neal Adams: Part 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">This is the third part of a point-counterpoint debate between Neal Adams and the author.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Neal Adams responds:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding Einstein:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Thank you, You&#8217;ve made my point perfectly. This is exactly what I&#8217;m doing, <span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span>point for point.  <span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><!--[endif]--><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Batang\">Steve wrote: <em>\u201c<\/em><\/span><em>Also, <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Darwin<\/st1:place><\/st1:city><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'\">\u2019<\/span>s Origin of the Species is not just the presentation of an idea, most of the book is a painstakingly detailed presentation of evidence.&#8221;<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">As are my painstakingly detailed maps.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><!--more--><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><\/span>Steve wrote: <em>\u201cIt sounds suspiciously like you are trying to shift the burden of proof  <span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span>here. You are the one claiming to have overturned virtually all of modern science. It is not unreasonable to expect a tidbit of evidence.\u201d<\/em><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\nAre you suggesting that I provide a new invention, or show you a discovery of some magic thing that no one else has ever made before, like a flying mechanical donkey?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">I don&#8217;t have one, I have all the same things that are known by many people, like <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Darwin<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>. <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Darwin<\/st1:place><\/st1:city> didn&#8217;t have to go to the Galapagos to observe what he did. He simply went THERE. The  evidence was and is everywhere. It was his eyes and  his brain that drew the conclusions. The question is, will you take the chip off your shoulder long enough to see what I see and think with me?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> For example when you see an area of flat land, then it drops straight down to a low area then the land flattens out for some area &#8230;&#8230;Will you look ,&#8230;.with me for a similar ridge and upper flat land? The other side of a rift and spread?<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->And note that this is one of the most common geological forms on Earth. Usually these areas go un-thought-about, I Think about them. These same forms are the rifts that spread the ocean and spread the land.<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Steve wrote: <em>\u201cHowever, your argument is that the oceans would have shifted toward<br \/>\nPangaea, following a shift in the center of gravity. It seems that a flaw in your calculations is that you neglect the fact that the earth is more dense toward the center,\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>You presume &#8220;facts&#8221;  not in evidence. We are discussing the difference, not the total.<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p>Regarding the origins of moons:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->This is the most unscientific  complicated heap of gobble-de-gook science Fiction and Fantasy I have ever heard.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Moons is moons, Steven. The method of making moons is not a multiple choice question. All moons come from the same place, just like planets. If you believe the 150 year old theory, They all accreted from debris (from, as the museum of natural history says&#8230;Exploded Planets. As some say, exploded stars!  Both silly, in my opinion).  The Idea is, Steven, You can theorize all you want, but for one to take any theory seriously you have to provide proof. You know, EVIDENCE!<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">There is NO EVIDENCE OR PROOF of the &#8220;COLLISION THEORY&#8221;!   Oh, you have a link. And I have a straw man.<\/p>\n<p>Steve wrote: <em>\u201cYou simply dismiss without justification copious evidence and established<br \/>\ngeology that could explain the non-uniformity of the Earth\u2019s surface.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&#8220;COPIOUS EVIDENCE?  Established Geology DOES NOT even attempt to explain this ,&#8230;..excuse me&#8230;&#8230;NON-uniforminity??&#8230;..NON-UNIFORMINITY?? THREE QUARTERS OF THE EARTH&#8217;S BLOODY CRUST IS MISSING,THREE MILES DEEP!<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">THINK OF IT !   Volcanos? Are you kidding ? Pimples! REMEMBER CROSSING THE OCEAN AND LOOKING OUT THE WINDOW FOR HOURS!??? OCEAN FOR THOUSANDS OF MILES.<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->Steve wrote: <em>\u201cThe early Earth had more volcanic activity, supervolcanoes that could produce enormous lava flows,<span>  <\/span>and build continents.\u201d<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>NO, NO , and NO again. An area of my expertise is  a vision to see size and proportion. I assume, at times that others see it too. They mostly don&#8217;t. There is no explanation for the missing outer crust what-so-ever. Ask someone.  The sky is blue.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->Steve wrote: <em>\u201cOnce plate tectonics was underway (and I am not sure if it is well understood how it began)\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">It couldn&#8217;t  BEGIN, Steven , GRANITIC ROCK &#8230;..CAN NOT subduct! That&#8217;s the rules!<br \/>\nNot my rules. Sciences rules!<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Steve wrote: <em>\u201csome plates (continental plates) floated consistently above other plates (oceanic plates)\u2026 So when they collide oceanic plates always subduct under continental plates.\u201d<\/em><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->No, never happened, ever. DIFFERENTIATION doesn&#8217;t work like that at all, EVER.<br \/>\nLOOK TO YOUR FIRST POINT &#8211; A SPHERE SMOOTHS OUT AND KEEPS HEIGHT ESPECIALLY IF ITS MOLTEN! You can&#8217;t change the rules at your whim.<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->GEOLOGY NO LONGER SAYS THIS HAPPENS! WHAT THEY SAY HAPPENS IS &#8220;COMPRESSION&#8221; because continental plates are 70 miles thick. This would reinforce the discontinuity. There is no discontinuity creation event. It&#8217;s a fantasy. In fact it&#8217;s your theories that are flawed and indefensable!<\/p>\n<p>Regarding flying creatures:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">UH&#8230;&#8230;.STEVEN? UMMMMMM&#8230;Golly, you are taking this too personally. The albatross has the widest wingspan, cause it floats on the air currents better than any bird. But is not the biggest bird. It&#8217;s one of the biggest birds. NOT the biggest.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Pterosaurs &#8230;reptiles &#8230;You said that last time. Fine  GOT IT. What&#8217;s your point?<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->Well, um &#8230;thank you for that little chat. It was common knowledge, but fine. NO FLYING CREATURE AT 4 TIMES BIGGER THAN A VULTURE OR EAGLE COULD FLY IN OUR AIR OR GRAVITY OF TODAY.. It&#8217;s not possible.<span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Regarding T-Rex running:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An elephant&#8217;s stride on the attack is about 8 feet and the Elephant  attack&#8217;s WALKING at 18 to 22 miles per hour<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A T-rex&#8217;s stride is 12 to 15  feet at a walk. At the <st1:state w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Alberta<\/st1:place><\/st1:state> museum they measure and examine dinosaur trackways. Allosaurus-like dinosaurs  are seen accelerating to attack and nearly doubling their stride. To do this, they must lift the opposing foot to increase their stride. To lift their opposing foot, they must RUN. It&#8217;s how it works. A walking speed of 20 to 30 MPH turns into 50 to 60 MPH on attack.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">If you assume the acceleration of a modern predator you get 70 to 80 MPH, which is scientific but almost unbelievable.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Steve wrote: <em>\u201cI gave you a link to a published study that calculated (not just eye-balling) from tendon attachments that dinosaurs were walking around in 1g (that<span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'\">\u2019<\/span>s today<span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'\">\u2019<\/span>s <span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\n<\/span>gravity). If true, this nullifies your theory.\u201d<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">But Steven, it was 1\/4 the gravity.  And No they didn&#8217;t CALCULATE, they estimated. I don&#8217;t eyeball, I estimated. What I don&#8217;t do is lie about it. Tendons and muscles don&#8217;t exist.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">They are hard to estimate. There are many clues and comparisons, but nail it, no .<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Stride? Better!<\/p>\n<p>Steve wrote:<em> \u201cThe point of scientific methodology is to make careful observations and to use objective measures whenever possible. If we rely upon our own subjective judgments then there is a tendency to be overwhelmed with confirmation bias.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Unless &#8220;we&#8221; are an expert.<\/p>\n<p>Steve wrote: <em>\u201cYou stated that \u2018all dinosaurs were long-legged.\u2019 You mean, like ankylosaurus, triceratops, and stegosaurus?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span>Yes I do . Surprisingly so.  Check the bones!<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Regarding ice sheets:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> Steven, you are forcing me to repeat myself . THERE WERE NO ICE SHEETS ANYWHERE ON EARTH DURING THE AGES OF THE DINOSAURS&#8230;.CATEGORICALLY!!! Moreover for ALL this time <st1:place w:st=\"on\">ANTARCTICA<\/st1:place>  was SUB-TROPICAL! You are not listening. If I give you something as a fact you can pretty much sure it is a fact. If you don&#8217;t believe it, look it up.<\/p>\n<p><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding fish fossils on mountains:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Naturally I can. Those fossils on mountains never were DEEP oceans and are not argued to be so. Do you understand this? They were only shallow seas!! NO DEEP OCEANS BECAME MOUNTAINS.  That doesn&#8217;t bother you???<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">And there is&#8230;&#8230;look ,&#8230;look at how you said &#8220;subduction turns over the sea floor over time.&#8221;  You say it without thinking. There is not ,&#8230;in all the oceans of the world, ONE SQUARE YARD of ancient DEEP OCEAN BOTTOM left. THAT &#8230;.is IMPOSSIBLE.   It&#8217;s a cosmic joke. Theres not a clue to ancient deep oceans, anywhere. Yet we must believe they were there. NO INDICATION  anywhere&#8230;..hello, when does the brain turn on?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Duh, no &#8230;uh&#8230;tiny &#8230;piece&#8230;.????  NO!  Just how naive and stupid are we supposed to be?<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding Pangaea:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span>Of course it doesn&#8217;t, they are trying to deal with the obvious contradictions of the Pangea Theory. I am a precision artist with an excellent reputation for engineering, and I have managed as much as a dozen excellent artists and I know how these mongrel projects are done.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Listening to you I don&#8217;t believe you have much of a graphic sense. Still I will try to explain, AGAIN.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">When <st1:place w:st=\"on\">Africa<\/st1:place> tore away from <st1:place w:st=\"on\">Eurasia<\/st1:place> ,&#8230;.<st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Spain<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> tore open at the <st1:place w:st=\"on\">Bay of Biscay<\/st1:place> and tilted down to its present position WITH ONLY the <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">strait<\/st1:placetype>  of <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">gibraltar<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place> separating the two. If you examine the current undersea topography, you will see there is no extra material from which a land bridge might have been constructed. Before this time Spain was connected to Africa and the Mediteranian was closed, and the Bay of Biscay didn&#8217;t exist. THIS, NOW is the most open this land has ever been.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Your &#8220;Map&#8221; Is as bogus as a 4 dollar bill, and this will show it for the two islands to provide their task the godwana bottom island  must travel to the south pole. On your globe mark the space <st1:place w:st=\"on\">Africa<\/st1:place> must move to the pole so that <st1:place w:st=\"on\">Africa<\/st1:place> is near to Antarctic. How far South must Africa travel to do this.  Mark it on your globe with a red pen. Now for Eurasia and North America to join at the north pole, how far up should we push NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE TO JOIN??? NOW MARK IT! HOW FAR APART WOULD GIBRALTAR AND AFRICA BE? THESE POSITIONS AND HOW FAR APART THEY SHOULD BE WAS ,&#8230;EASY TO FIGURE OUT. DOES THIS MATCH THE CAREFULLY  RESEARCHED MAP???<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">NO? SURPRISE SURPRISE.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Here, let&#8217;s keep it simple.  Take a basketball. Now a piece of paper and tear the paper into an irregular circle covering about 1\/4 of the ball. Now just tear the paper in half and slide the two halves to the poles. When you do this you will see exactly what bullshit that map is. You can listen to your jaw hit the floor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->Steve wrote: <em>\u201cRegarding continents moving and the asthenosphere: Your dismissal of this<br \/>\nas only a \u2018theory\u2019 is reminiscent of other critics of accepted science with which we are very familiar. It\u2019s not just a guess, we know from multiple lines of evidence that the Earth gets hotter as you get deeper.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">PRETTY HARD TO  think this line of reasoning isn&#8217;t kinda loopy Kiddo.!!!<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">FIRST&#8230;..Heat Rises! Ever hear that. It&#8217;s usually hidden away in arcane books of mystery science. Heat&#8230;&#8230;.RISES&#8230;&#8230;um &#8230;&#8230;..you can&#8217;t change this.  It&#8217;s what we call a principle.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Heat&#8230;.rises.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">After it  &#8220;rises&#8221; through the Earth  the outer crust may cool further trapping the heat, but the hottest area on Earth&#8230;..IN Earth is at the top of the Asthenosphere!<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">We, being little dinky ants at the top of this cooled SLAG may think that, because when we dig down that it gets hotter ,&#8230;THAT this getting hotter thing CONTINUES,&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.But it DOESEN&#8217;T cause&#8230;&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&#8230;&#8230;say it with me &#8230;..HEAT RISES!<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">BELIEVE IN SCIENCE,&#8230;&#8230;IT WILL NEVER FAIL YOU!<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Steve wrote:  <em>\u201cLava is a solid, but it can flow because it is soft. When it is very hot it is almost a liquid,<span>  <\/span>and it cools it gets more and more viscous, until it completely solidifies.\u201d<\/em><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->THEN IT CRYSTALIZES, AND CAN&#8217;T TRANSMIT &#8220;P&#8221; WAVES NO MO!<span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\nSteve wrote:<em> \u201c<\/em><\/span><em>So the real question is can the asthenosphere flow at all<span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'\">\ufffd<\/span> and the answer must be yes given the temperature at that depth.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">So the answer must be no. Think of the continents as a WART.  &#8216;Ja ever see a wart. An old one, all cracked up. Each section is hard with cracks between and the &#8220;roots&#8221; of each section go down and the roots are solid but not as hard as the surface which is rocky.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> You can spread the cracks and really irritate them and blood will flow between the chunks, but the chunks will act like a solid piece and not really move around. Earth &#8211; best analogy I can draw, but like all analogies do, it breaks down when the cracks spread and new ocean floor is made.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->Steve wrote: <em>\u201cYou also claim that the continents do not move. However, we can actually see and measure the movement of the tectonic plates. A quick search found many links to evidence of this,\u201d<\/em><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->This is not evidence. You can &#8220;DRAW&#8221; a map to do anything you wish. They&#8217;re making it up based on speculation.  There was a time I did maps showing this crap. They told me what they wanted it to look like and I did it.  This isn&#8217;t science. It&#8217;s bullshit, and a yard wide.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">There&#8217;s EVIDENCE to use and a disciplined, precisioned way to do this work and only my maps &#8230;..in the world, do it. No others come even near. Compare them to each other, they are sad jokes.  Arrogance?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">No. Its just true. Look at them, the movements follow the tectonic lines under the sea, perfectly, in direction and age.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Steve wrote: <em>\u201chere is one<br \/>\n(&lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/gip\/dynamic\/understanding.html\">http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/gip\/dynamic\/understanding.html<\/a>&gt;<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/gip\/dynamic\/understanding.html%29\">http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/gip\/dynamic\/understanding.html)<\/a>. Here is an excerpt: \u201cCurrent plate movement can be tracked directly by means of ground-based or space-based geodetic measurements\u201d While we are talking about direct observation, undersea cameras have also filmed subduction zones. It\u2019s hard to dismiss something you can see directly.\u201d<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><o:p><\/o:p><\/span>Only they are now BEGINNING to be called IMPACT ZONES. And I have no problem with impact zones. In fact I show some on our moon,    IF YOU&#8217;D    LOOK CAREFULLY.     can you?<span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->Steve wrote: <em>\u201cTidal forces: You dismiss the well established theory that tidal forces are slowing the Earth and moving the moon farther away with a simple, \u201cNo, I don\u2019t think so.\u201d Justification? &#8211; none. I refer you to any credible textbook or website on the issue.\u201d<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><o:p><\/o:p><\/span>I read a text book that said areas of the ocean move laterally with the moon as it progresses around the world. You know why this happens?  Said they? Cause atoms can&#8217;t compress.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Like that?<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->Know how fast the moon goes over the face of the Earth? 1,000 miles per hour.  I think the water compresses. Got some textbooks wanna be rewritten!<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->Steve wrote: <em>\u201cSize of the Earth: You are cherry picking evidence (apparently &#8211; you have yet to give me a reference so I don<span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'\">\u2019<\/span>t know where you are picking your evidence from). You have to look at all the evidence. First, Carey\u2019s measurements were based upon one technique, not the most accurate technique, and the potential errors in the measurements he was relying upon (all scientific data has error bars) includes zero growth for the Earth.<br \/>\n(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.grisda.org\/origins\/15053.htm\">http:\/\/www.grisda.org\/origins\/15053.htm<\/a>&gt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.grisda.org\/origins\/15053.htm%29\">http:\/\/www.grisda.org\/origins\/15053.htm)<\/a>.<br \/>\nAlso, there are now several very accurate methods to measure the earth, getting down to millimeter accuracy\u201d<\/em><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->You know what &#8211; That&#8217;s another piece of bullshit. I tried to get the evidence and after 2 years work I have had to hire a geologist-researcher to do this and he&#8217;s been working on the problem for 6 months now. It isn&#8217;t what you think. I challenge anyone to provide accurate evidence that VERIFIABLY SHOWS Earth remained the same size for even 10 years.<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Steve wrote: \u201c(<a href=\"http:\/\/ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/reports\/slrreport.html\">http:\/\/ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/reports\/slrreport.html<\/a>&gt;<a href=\"http:\/\/ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/reports\/slrreport.html%29\">http:\/\/ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/reports\/slrreport.html)<\/a>, and these methods have not detected the phenomenal growth rate you claim and your theories demand. So direct observation, once again, disproves your theories.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">THAT&#8217;S A LIE AND I CAN PROVE IT IN A SNAP.<\/p>\n<p>Steve wrote: <em>\u201cProduction of matter: There is no avoiding the fact that we are getting into the difficult and strange area of quantum mechanics here. But what is clear is that no net mass, charge, momentum, or anything is coming from anywhere.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>OH, really,&#8230;&#8230;.hmmmmm, then &#8230;&#8230;.where, exactly did the matter universe come from?   Hmmmm?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> Steve wrote: <em>\u201cNumerous and ongoing experiments in this area are all consistent on the fact that the net result of such paired particle creation is nothing. They have opposite everything and they simply cancel each other out. They do not and cannot join to form a matter particle. To claim this is to discount all of modern physics. Again &#8211; with what justification?\u201d<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><\/span><br \/>\nSteven,  knock, knock. Isn&#8217;t that the whole point of this exercise?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">If they proved it, it would be known, and EVERYONE would know it, then why would I be doing this?  Are you okay, man?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">When you do something new, by definition ,&#8230;..No one knows it yet.  That&#8217;s why they  call  it   NEW! Worse, EVERYTHING that is now known ,&#8230;.automatically  disagrees with it.  THE SUN GOES AROUND THE EARTH. I CAN EASILY PROVE IT.    CAN&#8217;T I?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Steve wrote: <em>\u201cAlso, look at it this way (and this is also clearly experimentally established). Energy can be converted to matter and matter to energy. The electron-positron creation is a result of energy (gamma rays colliding)\u201d<\/em><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->NO ITS NOT,  Its a result of a photon colliding with NOTHING  that we can percieve.<span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Steve wrote: <em>\u201cand then when they come back together they <span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'\">\u201c<\/span>annihilate\u201d each other (that is the technical term)&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">That is NOT a technical term. It is an idiotic term presented by people who did not come near completing their work. Is what it is.  In every business there is what we call technically  &#8220;dumb shit&#8221;. This is one of those.<span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Steve wrote:<em> \u201cand they produce large amounts of energy &#8211; the same amount that went into their creation\u201d <\/em><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\nThey do not lose charge! ONLY THE PHOTON&#8217;S ENERGY.  It&#8217;s just gamma radiation not the &#8220;THING THAT MAKES IT MATTER,  STEVEN!<\/p>\n<p>Steve wrote: <em>\u201c(<a href=\"http:\/\/particleadventure.org\/particleadventure\/frameless\/eedd.html\">http:\/\/particleadventure.org\/particleadventure\/frameless\/eedd.html<\/a>). So<br \/>\nconservation of energy\/matter is being obeyed. All those physicists did not simply miss the fact, as you astoundingly claim, that the standard model of particle physics violates the conservation laws. The matter\/anti-matter is being converted back into energy.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">BUT DOES NOT LOSE ITS CHARGE,&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;BECAUSE IT IS NOT ANNIHILATED&#8230;&#8230;IT SIMPLY DISAPPEARS<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">FROM YOUR PERCEPTION<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">UNTIL STRUCK AGAIN!<span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Regarding the formation of heavier elements:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Steve wrote: <em>\u201cThe Earth cannot simply <span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'\">\u201c<\/span>copy\u201d the process of the sun.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span>Duh, yes it can.  <span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Batang\">Steve write: <em>\u201c<\/em><\/span><em>The interior of the sun has tremendous heat and pressure, which is necessary to force hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to form hydrogen.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Batang\"><\/span>The process  doesn&#8217;t happen the way we think it does,  but just as a tease we&#8217;ll ask and answer:<span>  <\/span>Why is the hydrogen atom the only atom that doesn&#8217;t have a neutron?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">(Oh ,&#8230;. rrrrrr&#8230;.that question .)<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Because a hydrogen atom IS a Neutron.<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->YOU ARE NOT READY FOR THIS, YET, STEVEN.<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->Let me ask you a question. You know some of, a lot of the stuff that I&#8217;ve thrown at you has worked out to be true. Rather than be pleased, you get upset.  It&#8217;s not a contest. It&#8217;s either finding something new or something bogus. If it&#8217;s new&#8230;&#8230;.. you are acting outrageously. If I&#8217;m just a kook, why get upset.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Why don&#8217;t you review what new shit you&#8217;ve learned and really explore with me. I gotta tell ya&#8217;, I&#8217;ve done my homework. This thing proves out. I&#8217;ve probably got details wrong but basic stuff ,&#8230;nailed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Steve wrote:<em> \u201cThose temperatures and pressures are not present in the Earth. And, this process generates tremendous energy (it is literally a hydrogen bomb exploding). So how come the Earth is not constantly exploding with hydrogen bombs like the sun?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Because it does it slowly,. now. Size of Jupiter, gets pretty exciting, size of the sun&#8230;..well&#8230;.<br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Steve wrote: <em>\u201cI await a more cogent\u2026\u201d<\/em><br \/>\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/>\n<!--[endif]-->Am you accusing me of not being Cogent? I&#8217;ll have you know I was voted &#8220;most Cogent&#8221;<br \/>\nthree years running, in the twin towns of North Overshoe and East Haystack.<\/p>\n<p>Neal Adams<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><br style=\"page-break-before: always\" clear=\"all\" \/> <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Neal,<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">I\u2019m not sure what your point was with flying mechanical donkeys, but let\u2019s just agree that scientific claims requires logic, evidence, and careful methodology.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding land spread: I don\u2019t think you can assume that land formations go \u201cun-thought-about.\u201d Generations of geologists have spent their careers thinking about land formations. Land spread has not been observed, and there is no geological evidence to support this claim. Movement of adjacent plates at fault lines, however, has been observed and measured.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding Pangaea sinking \u2013 I am not presuming facts not in evidence for two reasons. The first is that geology and physics both support the standard model that the earth is denser as we go deeper. The second is a point of logic \u2013 you are saying the standard model is internally inconsistent, my counter is that it is not because the standard model includes an earth that is denser at the middle, which nullifies your calculations (your non-sequitur about the \u201ctotal not the different\u201d notwithstanding). It is not logical to argue that the model is internally inconsistent by introducing an external factor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding \u201cmoons is moons\u201d: There is no logical reason to demand that all moons have the same origin. If an asteroid is captured by the gravity of a planet, it becomes a moon of that planet. This is inferred primarily from the fact that some moons are very close to their parent planet in the plane of their orbit and the direction of their rotation, and therefore likely formed in place through accretion. Other moons, however, have eccentric orbits, out of the plane of their planet\u2019s rotation, and some even spin in the opposite direction or revolve around their planet in a direction opposite to the planet\u2019s rotation. The two proposals to explain this is that the moons were captured (and therefore there is no reason why their spin and orbit should match the planet\u2019s) or they experienced a collision that knocked them into an aberrant orbit.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding the earth\u2019s moon, although far from proven, the leading hypothesis is that it formed from material ejected as a result of a massive collision of the early earth. You ask for evidence, then disparage my \u201clink.\u201d Perhaps you misunderstood \u2013 the link was to a webpage that summarized the evidence for the impact hypothesis. Here are two more:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lpl.arizona.edu\/outreach\/origin\/\">http:\/\/www.lpl.arizona.edu\/outreach\/origin\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.psi.edu\/projects\/moon\/moon.html\">http:\/\/www.psi.edu\/projects\/moon\/moon.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding volcanoes:<span>  <\/span>But the entire moon discussion is an aside. The collision hypothesis is only one possible source of non-uniformity of the earth\u2019s crust. And even if the moon did not form in this manner, the early earth was likely subjected to many large collisions, even after the surface began to cool and harden.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Your dismissal of the potential for volcanoes to explain the origin of continents is not justified. Over millions and even billions of years volcanoes can produce large amounts of lava. In recent geological time they have formed island chains (like the <st1:place w:st=\"on\">Hawaiian islands<\/st1:place>). We know from geological evidence that in the last few hundred million years a Siberian supervolcanoe covered half the continent with ash and lava. Other than your personal incredulity \u2013 can you give me a single reason why volcanoes would not form continents over time?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding scale \u2013 7926\/8 = 0.1%. The difference between the highest mountain and the deepest ocean is only 0.1% of the radius of the earth.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding subduction: In your response you have not meaningfully countered the standard geological model of subduction. You seem to think that you can make a scientific argument simply by asserting your position in stronger and stronger terms. Repetition and assertion are not arguments. You have given me nothing to respond to. Again I refer you to my prior links to good summaries of the standard models of plate tectonics, to which you have not offered a single legitimate counter argument.<span>  <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Regarding flight: Throughout your response you assume that I am getting \u201cupset\u201d and taking this exchange \u201ctoo personally.\u201d I will let the reader infer from the content and tone of our writing which of us is calm and who is getting emotional.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">And forgive me for correcting your factual errors, there is something to be said for accuracy in such an exchange. To be fair \u201cbiggest\u201d is an ambiguous term. You are correct in that the albatross has the largest wingspan, but is not the heaviest. The heaviest flying bird is the California condor at 22.3 pounds.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p> <\/o:p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Most pterosaurs were about the same weight or lighter. The pteranadon\u2019s estimated weight is about 25 pounds (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ucmp.berkeley.edu\/diapsids\/pterosauria.html\">http:\/\/www.ucmp.berkeley.edu\/diapsids\/pterosauria.html<\/a>). The largest pterosaur (<span>quetzalcoatlus<\/span>) had a wingspan of about 40 ft. and its estimated weight is about 220 pounds (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/dinosaurs\/fact_files\/volcanic\/quetzalcoatlus.htm\">http:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/dinosaurs\/fact_files\/volcanic\/quetzalcoatlus.htm<\/a>). So actually you could claim a tenfold increase in the largest pterosaur over the largest flying bird today. But the wingspan and construction of <span>quetzalcoatlus could support its weight in 1g. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Also, if these dinosaurs were walking and running around in \u00bc g (actually you would have to calculate the gravity for each species, as above we are talking about a 160 million year span here \u2013 is the \u00bc g relevant to 65 million years ago or 220 million years ago?) the tracks they left behind would reveal it in multiple ways. The depth of the tracks would be anomalous &#8211; too shallow \u2013 because they only weighed about \u00bc of what is expected. Also, their stride length would be unnaturally long and not conform to modern animals \u2013 they would have been bounding about similar to astronauts on the moon. Again \u2013 no evidence for this.<\/p>\n<p>Also, some species, like alligators, have been remarkably morphologically stable over this time. Wouldn\u2019t they have been constantly evolving to adapt to the heavier gravity (thicker bones, etc.), yet no such trend has been reported in any long-lived species.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding the tendon attachment arguments \u2013 you cannot just dismiss this as \u201cestimating\u201d and equate it to what you are doing. There is a large body of published literature (summarized in some good books like &#8220;Dynamics of Dinosaurs and other Extinct Giants&#8221; by R.McNeill Alexander) that actually measure the tendon attachments and calculate their cross-sectional area, and compare this to known species to calculate forces, etc. This is not just shooting from the hip, as you appear to be doing. There is still active debate about many details, but the big picture \u2013 that dinosaurs were walking around in 1g \u2013 is generally accepted. If you were correct then there should be a big mystery about why all the evidence suggests dinosaurs weighed \u00bc of what they should.<\/p>\n<p>You wrote: \u201cWhat I don&#8217;t do is lie about it. Tendons and muscles don&#8217;t exist.\u201d Neal \u2013 read more carefully. Tendon attachments \u2013 that is the part of the bone that tendons attach to. Bones fossilize.<\/p>\n<p>In response to \u201cThe point of scientific methodology is to make careful observations and to use objective measures whenever possible. If we rely upon our own subjective judgments then there is a tendency to be overwhelmed with confirmation bias.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>You wrote: \u201cUnless &#8216;we&#8217; are an expert.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Wrong. That is the argument from authority logical fallacy. Real scientists should understand that no one is above the basic mechanisms of human self-deception. Confirmation bias fools everyone. Careful methodology is the only antidote.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding ice sheets again: Neal \u2013 you are not reading carefully. I will write it for a third time:<\/p>\n<p>Age of dinosaurs \u2013 no ice sheets \u2013 high sea level \u2013 continental shallow seas<br \/>\nToday \u2013 ice sheets  &#8211; low sea level \u2013 no continental shallow seas.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, this did not just happen once in history \u2013 during warmer climates there was less continental ice, and sea levels were substantially higher (400 feet higher \u2013 enough to cause the shallow seas). During colder periods more of the earth\u2019s water was bound in ice, including continental ice (ice floating in water does not raise or lower sea levels, so only continental ice matters), this lowers sea levels.<\/p>\n<p>Neal wrote: \u201cNaturally I can. Those fossils on mountains never were DEEP oceans and are not argued to be so. Do you understand this? They were only shallow seas!! NO DEEP OCEANS BECAME MOUNTAINS.  That doesn&#8217;t bother you???\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The continental shelfs in the past, especially during eras of high sea levels, were under water and accumulated fish fossils.  At later times this part of the continental plate was pushed up by colliding plates, forming mountain ranges \u2013 therefore fish fossils on top of mountains. No mystery.<\/p>\n<p>According to your theory, how do fish fossils get on top of mountains?<\/p>\n<p>Regarding subduction and the sea floor:<\/p>\n<p>You state that it is \u201cimpossible\u201d for the entire sea floor to be turned over by subduction, but without stating why. You seem to be making yet another argument from personal incredulity. Current tectonic theories hold that the sea floor is moving from spreading zones to subduction zones, \u201clike a conveyor belt.\u201d So why wouldn\u2019t this completely turn over the deep sea floor? Of course, this is granting that your assumptions about not \u201cone square yard\u201d being ancient is true \u2013 we have not surveyed every square yard of the sea floor. But this is not the point.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding Pangaea:<\/p>\n<p>Your description still makes no sense. For the continents to move from Pangaea to their current positions, why should Africa and Spain have had to be 2000 miles apart? You have them moving very far apart them coming back together, but there is no justification for this.<\/p>\n<p>You are also not giving enough detail \u2013 for example you talk about Eurasia and North America joining \u2013 but where? \u2013 those are two large continents. And why did they have to be at the north pole?<\/p>\n<p>Regarding \u201cheat rises\u201d:<\/p>\n<p>Sorry to say this, Neal, but this is simply wrong. Heat does not rise. It\u2019s what we call a myth, perpetuated in many school books, but totally false. It is a distortion of the fact that relatively warmer air rises above relatively cooler air. But this happens because it is lighter, not because of any inherent tendency for heat to rise. (www.geocities.com\/kfuller2001\/tmyths.htm#myth7)<\/p>\n<p>The thermodynamics are well worked out. Heat travels from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature (even if that means moving down). Heat does this through conduction, convection, and radiation. The physics of cooling bodies is also well worked out. Hot bodies cool from the outside in. They do not cool from the inside out. Therefore there is always more heat toward the center.<\/p>\n<p>In response to: \u201cSo the real question is can the asthenosphere flow at all, and the answer must be yes given the temperature at that depth.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Neal wrote: \u201cSo the answer must be no. Think of the continents as a WART.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Your wart analogy is a non-sequitur. The point is that the asthenosphere is warm, therefore it is soft and can flow. You said nothing to contradict this \u2013 except for your above fallacy about heat rising.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding maps and the movement of continents:<\/p>\n<p>Again \u2013 your answer is a non-sequitur. I am not talking about drawing maps. I am talking about the modern satellite methods of directly measuring the location of land on earth, and that these measurements show the continents are slowly moving \u2013 as predicted by plate tectonic theory. They are not showing a growing earth.<\/p>\n<p>Neal wrote: \u201cI think the water compresses. Got some textbooks wanna be rewritten!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This issue is very much tangential to our main discussion. But I am interested in how and why you think water compresses, contrary to all available evidence.<\/p>\n<p>Neal wrote: \u201cI challenge anyone to provide accurate evidence that VERIFIABLY SHOWS Earth remained the same size for even 10 years.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>I did, but it does not seem to matter. You simply dismiss any inconvenient evidence.<\/p>\n<p>Neal also wrote this \u201cTHAT&#8217;S A LIE AND I CAN PROVE IT IN A SNAP.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Then why didn\u2019t you?<\/p>\n<p>In response to : \u201cProduction of matter: There is no avoiding the fact that we are getting into the difficult and strange area of quantum mechanics here. But what is clear is that no net mass, charge, momentum, or anything is coming from anywhere.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Neal wrote: \u201cOH, really,&#8230;&#8230;.hmmmmm, then &#8230;&#8230;.where, exactly did the matter universe come from?   Hmmmm?<\/p>\n<p>The physical laws \u201cbefore\u201d the big bang need not be the same as those in effect in the universe since the big bang. The bottom line is, it is not valid to argue that because of the big bang it must be true that there is ongoing creation and that the conservation laws are not true.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding new findings:<\/p>\n<p>There are several ways new ideas are brought into science. Either there is an existing mystery \u2013 phenomena, experimental results, observations that cannot be explained by existing theories. New theories are then postulated to explain these mysteries, and such theories are then tested with new observations.<\/p>\n<p>Or \u2013 a new experiment or observation creates data that cannot be explained by existing theories, so these theories need to be modified or new theories need to be invented to accommodate the new data.<\/p>\n<p>Or \u2013 a new theory is proposed to explain phenomena that are already known and already explained by existing theories, but the new theory is also compatible with all available evidence. The new theory, in order to be useful, should make predictions that are different than the old theory, and therefore the two can be distinguished experimentally.<\/p>\n<p>None of what you are proposing fits into any of these scenarios. You are promoting old theories or proposing new theories that are not necessary and are not compatible with existing evidence. Many are simply ad hoc fixes to the glaring problems in your other theories.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding particle-antiparticle creation.<\/p>\n<p>The origin of particle-antiparticle pairs is poorly understood. Your assumption is just that, an assumption, without basis. It is also irrelevant, because what experiments show is that the process of the appearance and disappearance of such pairs yields no net matter, energy, charge, or spin. The equations all balance out to zero at the end. So you cannot use this phenomenon to explain the creation of new matter. Wherever they are coming from or going, and whatever you call it, is irrelevant. The net result is zero \u2013 proven by many experiments \u2013 matter is not being created and there is no theory that is compatible with particle physics that allows for the creation of matter in this way.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding the formation of heavier elements:<\/p>\n<p>A hydrogen atom is not a neutron \u2013 it is a proton and an electron. Hydrogen also exists as a heavy isotope with a neutron \u2013 heavy hydrogen, or deuterium. All elements have isotopes with slightly different numbers of neutrons (elements are determined by their number of protons, the number of neutrons vary among different isotopes). I suppose that hydrogen is the only element with an isotope without any neutrons because it is the element with 1 proton. All elements can have isotopes with fewer neutrons than protons, but too few and the isotope would be unstable.<\/p>\n<p>But \u2013 you have not made clear how this allows for the fusion of lighter elements into heavier elements without either releasing vast amounts of energy, or requiring vast amounts of energy in the first place. You say, \u201cThe process doesn&#8217;t happen the way we think it does.\u201d So I guess you have casually dismissed all of nuclear physics and stellar astronomy because they are inconvenient to your theories \u2013 despite the fact that the standard theories work quite well in predicting the behavior of nuclear weapons, of radioactivity, and of the life and behavior of stars.<\/p>\n<p>I am curious (if you deem me worthy) how you came by your mystery alternate theory of nuclear physics and what logic and evidence you have to support it.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding Gravity:<br \/>\nYou never addressed this issue, which I raised in my first response. There are major problems with how you deal with gravity:<br \/>\n1) electromagnetism cannot account for planetary motions and the structure of the solar system because it is too short range a force (drops off as the cube of the distance).<br \/>\n2) If the planets and the moons have been gaining mass there is no mechanism by which their orbits could be stable over a long period of time \u2013 gravity would cause them to fall into each other.<\/p>\n<p>Regards,<\/p>\n<p>Steve<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is the third part of a point-counterpoint debate between Neal Adams and the author. &nbsp; Neal Adams responds: Regarding Einstein: Thank you, You&#8217;ve made my point perfectly. This is exactly what I&#8217;m doing, point for point. 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