Electric fields and electric potential, although related, are not the same, and can not be mixed and matched. The derivative of the voltage (potential) is the electric field (i.e. E=-dV(x,y,z)/dt). In the same way that the derivative of velocity is acceleration (i.e. a=dV(v,x,y)/dt). So you would say, “the acceleration of the rocket” and not, “the acceleration velocity of the rocket.”

Keep up the great work! I’m actually majoring in Electrical Engineering, but decided to try to get into medical school to become a neurologist. You’ve had a big influence on that and I thank you.

The physics behind it is no different than the magnets used to generate power in a copper wire in the turbines in your local power station (assuming you use anything other than solar power). Magnetic stimulation just generates the electricity directly where it is needed instead of having to send it over wires. Of course that is only the basic physics, in practice there are major differences due to the different properties of the magnetic field and different properties of the conductor (the brain), different shielding effects, and lots of other details that make the whole thing very messy in practice. But the basic principles remain the same.

And if you drop some acid immediately before, you experience God.

Yes. Or to be more exact it is the rate of change of the magnetic field that is important. The induced electric field is proportional to dB/dt.

If you move your head rapidly in a static magnetic field you can experience magnetophosphenes from the induced electrical fields stimulating the optic nerves.

I was wondering: why/how does a severe head injury cause loss of consciousness? I can understand if maybe parts of the brain are literally not there because of the accident, or have been damaged severely and are thus “broken”.

The reason I ask, is because it appears as if the basic bodily functions that are regulated by the brain, are still pretty much intact during a coma (this is probably not true for all cases). I can also extend the question to being knocked out. Is the brain shutting down certain functions for protection of some kind? I assume Josh didn’t open his eyes because of a conscious choice. Is it just a reflex reaction?

Then a thought about TMS. Could running a current (whether electrical or magnetic) through someone’s brain cause them to think a specific thing? If we were to somehow stimulate the exact pathways needed, could we change/control what/how a person thinks? I’m thinking applications like rehabilitating criminals by “reprogramming” their brain or helping people with addictions, etc. There would be quite a number of applications for such technology.